Cardiac decompensation

Cardiac decompensation, or heart failure, is a cardiovascular condition in which the heart cannot move sufficient blood to supply what the body requires; either side or both can be affected, the left most often. It can occur at any age, but older age, family history, smoking, obesity and diabetes raise the likelihood. Causes include a heart attack, coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, valve disease, cardiomyopathy and rhythm problems; onset can be sudden after muscle damage but is usually gradual. Breathlessness, tiredness, weakness, cough and swelling of the ankles, legs or abdomen with weight gain from fluid are typical, and complications include kidney or liver damage and cardiac arrest. Diagnosis combines history, examination, heart tests and blood tests, including a natriuretic peptide test. It cannot be cured; lifelong treatment uses diuretics, vasodilating medicines and beta blockers, lifestyle changes and cardiac rehabilitation, with devices, surgery or transplant for some.

Seek emergency care for chest pain or pressure lasting more than a few minutes, sudden breathlessness, fainting, or weakness or numbness of the face, arm or leg. See a doctor soon for palpitations, swollen ankles, breathlessness on exertion or a blood pressure reading that stays high. Call the local emergency number for any symptom that is sudden and severe. This page is a reference for healthcare professionals and does not replace an assessment.