Squamous cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma is a skin cancer that arises from squamous cells in the outer skin layer called the epidermis. It is more common in older people, although younger people can develop it too. Ultraviolet light from the sun or sunbeds is the leading cause; risk also rises with pale skin, red or fair hair, light eyes, repeated sunburn, previous skin cancer, arsenic exposure and a weakened immune system. It usually presents as a growing bump or patch, often rough, scaly or crusty, on sun-exposed areas such as the face, ears, neck, hands and arms. Diagnosis rests on skin examination, and a biopsy examined under a microscope confirms it. Surgery is the main treatment, with radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, topical creams, targeted medicines, immunotherapy or chemotherapy used in selected cases; the cancer is usually treatable.

See a doctor without delay for a new lump, a sore that does not heal, unexplained bleeding, unexplained weight loss, or a persistent change in bowel or bladder habit. Take up screening invitations: most cancers are easier to treat when found early. Call the local emergency number for any symptom that is sudden and severe. This page is a reference for healthcare professionals and does not replace an assessment.