Insect bites

Insect bites and stings are local skin reactions to the bites or stings of insects and related creatures, typically causing pain, a swollen lump and itching. Bees, wasps, hornets, fire ants, mosquitoes, fleas, midges, mites, horseflies and ticks are among the commonest culprits. Most are harmless and settle within a few days. Stings tend to hurt, whereas mosquito and flea bites usually itch; mite bites can itch intensely and blister, and horsefly bites are large, painful and often infected. Complications include secondary skin infection and serious allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis, and some bites transmit illnesses such as Lyme disease, scabies, malaria and West Nile virus. Management is supportive: removing any stinger or tick, washing, cold compresses, simple analgesics, antihistamines and topical corticosteroids for itch and swelling, and antibiotics only when infection develops.

Seek urgent care for a rapidly spreading rash with fever, a rash with blisters or peeling, or facial swelling. See a doctor for skin changes that do not improve with over-the-counter treatment after a few weeks, a mole that changes, or acne that is scarring or affecting your confidence. Call the local emergency number for any symptom that is sudden and severe. This page is a reference for healthcare professionals and does not replace an assessment.