Cellulitis

Cellulitis is a common bacterial infection of the middle layer of the skin (the dermis) and the tissues beneath it. It can occur on any part of the body but is more common on the lower limbs, and diabetes, vascular disease or suppressed immunity raise the risk. Staphylococcus and streptococcus bacteria are the usual causes, entering through breaks in the skin such as wounds, surgical cuts, insect or animal bites, ulcers or cracked skin between the toes. The skin becomes painful, hot, swollen and red, sometimes blistered, with fever and swollen glands; spread can cause sepsis or bone infection. Diagnosis rests on physical examination, with blood cultures, a blood count or culture of fluid from the area sometimes added. Antibiotics are the main treatment, usually by mouth, with intravenous therapy in hospital for severe cases; raising the limb aids comfort, and recurrent cases may need long-term antibiotic prevention.

Seek urgent care for a rapidly spreading rash with fever, a rash with blisters or peeling, or facial swelling. See a doctor for skin changes that do not improve with over-the-counter treatment after a few weeks, a mole that changes, or acne that is scarring or affecting your confidence. Call the local emergency number for any symptom that is sudden and severe. This page is a reference for healthcare professionals and does not replace an assessment.