Endometrial carcinoma

Endometrial carcinoma, also called womb cancer, is a malignancy of the cells lining the uterus (the endometrium) and is the more common of the two main types of uterine cancer. It mostly arises after the menopause, although anyone with a womb can develop it. Risk is raised by obesity, diabetes, oestrogen-only hormone therapy after the menopause, never having been pregnant, polycystic ovary syndrome and Lynch syndrome. Abnormal vaginal bleeding is the commonest symptom, including bleeding after the menopause or between periods; pelvic pain or pressure, an unusual discharge and pain during sex can also occur. Assessment starts with a history and pelvic examination, followed by imaging and a biopsy of the uterine lining. Surgery to remove the uterus, sometimes with the ovaries and fallopian tubes, is the most common treatment; radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy and targeted therapy such as monoclonal antibodies may be added.

See a doctor without delay for a new lump, a sore that does not heal, unexplained bleeding, unexplained weight loss, or a persistent change in bowel or bladder habit. Take up screening invitations: most cancers are easier to treat when found early. Call the local emergency number for any symptom that is sudden and severe. This page is a reference for healthcare professionals and does not replace an assessment.