Mastalgia

Mastalgia, also called breast pain, is a symptom of discomfort or pain in one or both breasts, with hormonal, medicinal or local causes. It is common, mainly in women, although puberty can bring it on in boys as well. Usual causes are hormone changes around menstruation, pregnancy, puberty and menopause, plus fibrocystic breast tissue, breastfeeding, mastitis, shingles and some medicines such as oral contraceptives and certain antidepressants. Pain linked to periods is typically dull, heavy or aching and affects both breasts; cancer is an uncommon explanation. A bloody nipple discharge, a persistent new lump or redness with fever points towards a more serious breast problem. Assessment begins with history and breast examination, and mammography or ultrasound may be added. Management uses simple painkillers, painkilling gel, heat or ice and a well-fitting supportive bra, while evidence for evening primrose oil or vitamin E is limited.

Seek urgent care for very high thirst and urination with vomiting or drowsiness, or for severe weakness with a very slow or fast pulse. See a doctor for unexplained weight change, constant tiredness, feeling unusually hot or cold, or a family history of diabetes or thyroid disease. Call the local emergency number for any symptom that is sudden and severe. This page is a reference for healthcare professionals and does not replace an assessment.