Hypocalcemia in premature infants

Hypocalcemia in premature infants is a metabolic disorder of the newborn period in which the blood calcium level falls too low. Prematurity is the most common risk factor, and the problem is seen more often in newborns than at other ages. Other contributors include maternal diabetes, maternal hyperparathyroidism, small size for gestational age, episodes of oxygen deprivation, infection, serious illness, certain medicines and, rarely, DiGeorge syndrome or underactive parathyroid glands. Early-onset cases appear within the first 72 hours and are often without symptoms, so high-risk babies are monitored. Late-onset cases are usually symptomatic, with jitteriness, tremors, twitching, a fast or slow heart rate, breathing pauses and sometimes seizures. Diagnosis usually rests on a blood test showing a low calcium level. Treatment is supplemental calcium when needed, and the condition is treatable.