Hot flashes

Hot flashes are a symptom of the menopausal transition, a sudden surge of heat across the face, neck and chest that often makes the skin sweat. They are common in women around menopause, and when they occur during sleep they are called night sweats. Declining ovarian hormone output as the ovaries work less effectively is believed to drive them, and excess body weight, tobacco use, alcohol, caffeine and spicy food can make them worse. Some women also notice palpitations, anxiety or dizziness, and an episode can last several minutes. Management starts with lifestyle measures such as layered clothing, a cooler bedroom and fans. Where these are not enough, options include menopausal hormone therapy, which is an effective but risk-bearing option, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant, or a neurokinin 3 receptor antagonist.

Seek urgent care for very high thirst and urination with vomiting or drowsiness, or for severe weakness with a very slow or fast pulse. See a doctor for unexplained weight change, constant tiredness, feeling unusually hot or cold, or a family history of diabetes or thyroid disease. Call the local emergency number for any symptom that is sudden and severe. This page is a reference for healthcare professionals and does not replace an assessment.