Diseases
copd
For healthcare professionals — reference only. This page is a brief summary, not medical advice and not a substitute for official labeling or clinical judgement. Always verify before prescribing or dispensing.
Overview
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. Symptoms include breathing difficulty, cough, mucus (sputum) production and wheezing. It's typically caused by long-term exposure to irritating gases or particulate matter, most often from cigarette smoke.
Symptoms
- shortness of breath, especially during physical activities
- wheezing
- chest tightness
- a chronic cough that may produce mucus (sputum)
- frequent respiratory infections, lack of energy.
Causes
- the main cause of copd in developed countries is tobacco smoking.
Risk factors
- exposure to tobacco smoke.
- people with asthma, and genetics.
- occupational exposure to dusts and chemicals.
Diagnosis
- chest x-ray.
- lung (pulmonary) function tests.
- ct scan
- arterial blood gas analysis
Medicines used
- amoxicillin-clavulanic acid
- beclomethasone-formoterol
- budesonide-formoterol
- carbocysteine
- fenoterol-ipratropium
- fluticasone-salmeterol
- fluticasone-vilanterol
- formoterol
- glycopyrronium
- indacaterol
- indacaterol-glycopyrronium
- ipratropium
- ipratropium-salbutamol
- roflumilast
- salmeterol
- tiotropium
- tiotropium-olodaterol
- umeclidinium
- umeclidinium-vilanterol
Frequently asked questions
What is copd?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. Symptoms include breathing difficulty, cough, mucus (sputum) production and wheezing. It's typically caused by long-term exposure to irritating gases or particulate matter, most often from cigarette smoke.
What are the symptoms of copd?
shortness of breath, especially during physical activities, wheezing, chest tightness, a chronic cough that may produce mucus (sputum), frequent respiratory infections, lack of energy.
What causes copd?
the main cause of copd in developed countries is tobacco smoking.
Which medicines are used for copd?
amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, beclomethasone-formoterol, budesonide-formoterol, carbocysteine, fenoterol-ipratropium, fluticasone-salmeterol, fluticasone-vilanterol, formoterol, glycopyrronium, indacaterol, indacaterol-glycopyrronium, ipratropium, ipratropium-salbutamol, roflumilast, salmeterol, tiotropium, tiotropium-olodaterol, umeclidinium, umeclidinium-vilanterol
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