Growth hormone deficiency

Growth hormone deficiency is an endocrine disorder in which the pituitary gland at the base of the brain does not make enough growth hormone. It is rare, affects children and adults, and is present from birth in some people while others acquire it later. Congenital forms can involve gene mutations; acquired forms follow brain tumours, surgery, severe head injury or radiation to the area, but most children have no identifiable cause. Affected children grow slowly and are much shorter than their peers with normal proportions, and puberty may be late or absent; infants may have low blood glucose, while adults may gain body fat, lose muscle strength and face more fractures. Growth charts, a hand X-ray for bone age, IGF-1 blood tests, a stimulation test and pituitary MRI guide the diagnosis. Treatment is long-term replacement with injected synthetic growth hormone, including long-acting forms, with regular monitoring.

Seek urgent care for very high thirst and urination with vomiting or drowsiness, or for severe weakness with a very slow or fast pulse. See a doctor for unexplained weight change, constant tiredness, feeling unusually hot or cold, or a family history of diabetes or thyroid disease. Call the local emergency number for any symptom that is sudden and severe. This page is a reference for healthcare professionals and does not replace an assessment.