Vulvovaginal candidiasis

Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a fungal infection of the vagina and vulva caused by overgrowth of candida, a yeast that normally lives harmlessly on the body. It is common and is not regarded as a sexually transmitted infection, although sex can trigger it. Overgrowth follows disturbance of the usual microbial balance, for example with antibiotic use, poorly controlled diabetes, a weakened immune system, hormone replacement therapy, pregnancy or irritated skin. Typical features are a thick white discharge, itching and irritation, and soreness or stinging during sex or urination; some people have no symptoms. Clinicians confirm it from symptoms and examination, sometimes with a swab of the discharge to exclude other infections. Antifungal medicine, given by mouth, as a vaginal pessary or as a cream, usually clears it, although recurrent infection may need longer courses and a search for contributing causes.

Seek urgent care for a high fever with a stiff neck, rash, confusion, difficulty breathing, or fever after travel to a malaria area. See a doctor when a fever lasts more than three days, when symptoms return after treatment, or when you may have been exposed to an infection that needs testing. Call the local emergency number for any symptom that is sudden and severe. This page is a reference for healthcare professionals and does not replace an assessment.