Hypomagnesemia

Hypomagnesemia, also called magnesium deficiency, is an electrolyte disorder in which blood magnesium falls below the usual range. It is more common than an abnormally high magnesium level, which is uncommon and mostly occurs in people with kidney failure. Common causes include alcohol use, chronic diarrhoea, malabsorption syndromes such as coeliac disease, malnutrition, excessive urination as in uncontrolled diabetes, kidney tubule disorders, pancreatitis, extensive burns, and medicines such as diuretics and proton pump inhibitors. Symptoms include fatigue, muscle weakness, cramps or spasms, numbness or tingling, nausea, loss of appetite and irregular heartbeat, while seizures can occur when levels are extremely low. A blood test of magnesium confirms the problem, and an electrocardiogram plus calcium, potassium and urine tests may be added. Treatment depends on severity and may include intravenous fluids, magnesium given by mouth or into a vein, and medicines to relieve symptoms.

Seek urgent care for unusual bleeding or bruising, breathlessness at rest, or a swollen painful leg. See a doctor for persistent tiredness, pale skin, or any symptom of anaemia in a man or a woman after the menopause, which always needs a cause to be found. Call the local emergency number for any symptom that is sudden and severe. This page is a reference for healthcare professionals and does not replace an assessment.