Eczema

Eczema, also called dermatitis, is an umbrella term for skin conditions that leave the skin dry, itchy and irritated; it is not contagious. It is common; atopic eczema, the commonest type, usually starts in childhood and tends to ease. Atopic eczema has no clear cause; a parent with it, or family asthma or hay fever, raises the risk, and heat, stress or infection can provoke flares. Contact dermatitis, the other main type, follows exposure to an irritant such as detergent, or to an allergen such as nickel. Skin turns itchy, dry, cracked or blistered, often on the hands, face or knees; weeping or painful areas may signal infection. A doctor works to identify the trigger, and a dermatologist arranges further tests if it stays unknown. Atopic eczema cannot be cured, but emollients and topical corticosteroids control symptoms; contact dermatitis usually clears once the cause is avoided.

Seek urgent care for a rapidly spreading rash with fever, a rash with blisters or peeling, or facial swelling. See a doctor for skin changes that do not improve with over-the-counter treatment after a few weeks, a mole that changes, or acne that is scarring or affecting your confidence. Call the local emergency number for any symptom that is sudden and severe. This page is a reference for healthcare professionals and does not replace an assessment.