Eczema (atopic dermatitis) and psoriasis are chronic inflammatory skin conditions that greatly affect patients' quality of life. When basic skincare measures like moisturizers are insufficient, more advanced therapies are often required. This discussion focuses on modern solutions such as topical corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics.
Topical corticosteroids reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response in the skin by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines. They are used to control flare-ups in eczema and reduce scaling and itching in psoriasis. However, long-term use can lead to side effects like skin thinning, so tapering is recommended to prevent rebound flares.
Topical immunosuppressants, such as calcineurin inhibitors, inhibit T-cell activation to reduce inflammation. They are particularly useful for sensitive skin areas in eczema and less commonly for psoriasis. While generally well-tolerated, they carry a black box warning for potential cancer risk, though evidence is limited.
Biologics target specific immune components and are used for moderate to severe psoriasis and severe eczema when other treatments fail. They increase the risk of infections due to immune suppression, requiring regular monitoring. Patients should be informed about administration methods and potential side effects.
